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我的家鄉最美麗的地方是哪里?當然就是南山。它雖沒有天安門廣場那般宏偉的氣勢,也沒有西湖那般令人心醉神迷,更沒有泰山那般高聳云端。但它擁有著無窮的神迷和魅力,使人流連忘返。
那天清晨剛下過雨,媽媽就對我說“走,我們去南山。”我們不一會就來到了山腳下。
我抬頭向山上看去,只見乳白色的霧從山頂汩汩地淌出,緩緩地漫下山坡,像誰抖開了一件輕柔的衣衫,飄飄忽忽地披在了南山的身上。我癡迷地望著南山,飄忽的薄霧使得南山變成了人間仙境。
媽媽說:“你都看了五分鐘了,該上山了。”我這才驚醒,尷尬地一笑。
我和媽媽向上爬去,只見花草樹木都被淡淡的霧靄裹住了,草葉上的露珠隱約可見,不時有一顆“珍珠”打在地面上,散發著一陣寒氣。在我眼中,那被薄霧包裹住的花草,樹木都變成了仙女,輕抖著淡霧的沙袖,抖出了一串串美妙的音符。
我們繼續向上爬,爬到山頂。啊,這簡直就是人間仙境啊,從山頂上向下看,還隱約可以看見林立的樓房,整個城市被霧靄籠罩著,漸漸地看清晰了,呈現在眼前。
一進曲水園,就見紫藤繚繞,松槐婆娑,山茶多姿,銀杏參天,門口松梅山石盆景,古樸典雅。右月洞門上刻“俏梅勁松”,左月洞門上刻“鶯歌燕舞”。
隨后步入了里面的景點。“噢,“堂—和—凝”!我口中念念有詞。 “錯啦是“凝合堂”古代的詞句應從左邊念起。”媽媽在旁邊糾正道。“凝合堂”為全園主景,堂皆涂以紫紅色,端莊凝重。堂后為大荷花池,左側還有建于光緒十年的花神廳。堂北,隔荷花池與一座大假山遙遙相對,池西南有“涌翠亭”,西有“喜雨橋”,并與“小濠梁”等三座水榭互成犄角,布局很妙。建國初筑就建照的大假山上,青楓古柏,蔽日遮天,山上還有“飛虹醉月”、“達佛谷”、“老人峰”。山頂有“九峰一覽亭”,高四層。過去登上平臺,可遠眺佘山、天馬山、鳳凰山、小昆山等“松郡九峰”。園內的“有覺堂”,是本市僅存的兩座無梁殿之一,具有較高的江南園林建筑藝術價值,別具一格。曲水園以小巧玲瓏、典雅古樸著稱。院內梅樹古松,讓人心醉神迷。進內是九曲長廊回環,廓外百花爭艷,宜于閑步神思。園地三十畝,水體占15%。園內建筑以青瓦、白墻、青磚構成,樹木枝榮葉茂,花繁果碩,素有“春日櫻桃爭艷,夏天荷花出水,入秋金桂馥郁,冬令臘梅璀璨”之譽。
曲水園距今已有230多年歷史,與上海市內的豫園、南翔古漪園、嘉定秋霞圃、松江醉白池齊名,為上海市五大古典園林之一。
。
。
隨后步入了里面的景點。“噢,“堂—和—凝”!我口中念念有詞。 “錯啦是“凝合堂”古代的詞句應從左邊念起。”媽媽在旁邊糾正道。“凝合堂”為全園主景,堂皆涂以紫紅色,端莊凝重。堂后為大荷花池,左側還有建于光緒十年的花神廳。堂北,隔荷花池與一座大假山遙遙相對,池西南有“涌翠亭”,西有“喜雨橋”,并與“小濠梁”等三座水榭互成犄角,布局很妙。建國初筑就建照的大假山上,青楓古柏,蔽日遮天,山上還有“飛虹醉月”、“達佛谷”、“老人峰”。山頂有“九峰一覽亭”,高四層。過去登上平臺,可遠眺佘山、天馬山、鳳凰山、小昆山等“松郡九峰”。園內的“有覺堂”,是本市僅存的兩座無梁殿之一,具有較高的江南園林建筑藝術價值,別具一格。曲水園以小巧玲瓏、典雅古樸著稱。院內梅樹古松,讓人心醉神迷。進內是九曲長廊回環,廓外百花爭艷,宜于閑步神思。園地三十畝,水體占15%。園內建筑以青瓦、白墻、青磚構成,樹木枝榮葉茂,花繁果碩,素有“春日櫻桃爭艷,夏天荷花出水,入秋金桂馥郁,冬令臘梅璀璨”之譽。
疲憊的海鷗伴隨沙啞的嘶叫疾馳
遠方的霧看似來的漫不經心
卻慢慢籠罩了我雙眼的深邃、孤寂
無情的海浪震動我的耳膜,一次又一次
記憶的江南泛起漣漪,牽引我的情思
呵,這印度洋上的秋思!無窮無盡
既然開始了,就永遠不會停息!
夢里燈火闌珊處——憶你
那如靨的嫣然一笑,羞怯醉似
還有那月華如練,一瀉千里
仰望星空,天淡銀河垂地,讓我心醉神迷
微風吹來,讓我盡情感受那絲絲涼意
不禁打了個哆嗦,趕忙穿上大衣
天外憔悴的孤鴻,形單影只
快帶上我沉重的思念,飛到你身邊啊
呵,這印度洋上的秋思!無窮無盡
中國話,歷經千年的淘洗,從最早的象形文字,經過時間的冶煉,最終成為了,獨一無二的文字!而它那美妙的發音,又多么令人心醉神迷。試問世間,在哪兒能找到,如此動人的旋律。
當各種語言匯集在一起,你雖不懂那繁雜的外語。但就算是眾里尋他,你也能一眼看出與眾不同、一枝獨秀的它。將它緩緩念誦,揭開它的神秘面紗,又會得到如何一種心動和喜悅。
我是中國人!我愛中國話!
【Key words】gender difference; sociolinguistics; comparative study
1.Introduction
Sociolinguistics is a very young discipline which only has a history of 40 years.In 1952 Haver C.Currie, an American linguist, put forward the new concept of “sociolinguistics” for the first time.In many linguists’ opinion, sociolinguistics is a comprehensive and frontier discipline.It has multiple intersections with many other disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology.Although it emerged 40 years ago, and even there isn’t very clear definition of its study field.Sociolinguistics, as a branch of linguistics, has made great achievements in scientific fields and has become an indispensable object of the research.Gender difference in language use, as a branch of sociolinguistics, has involved many fields such as pronunciation, intonation, vocabulary, syntax, grammar, semantic meaning, and analysis of literary works and so on.The author of the thesis adopts the theory of gender difference in sociolinguistics as the basis of the thesis, which mainly contains the study of male and female translators’ differences in vocabulary and syntax as well as psychological and appearance features.
2.A Comparative Study on Translated Versions of Gone with the Wind
Li Meihua’s 2000 edition and Jia Wenhao’s 2002 edition are adopted to be compared in my thesis.
2.1 The representation of the feminization of language in the two Chinese versions of Gone with the Wind
2.1.1 Different treatments of the description of psychological features
2.1.1.1 Leading characters’ vanity described in two Chinese versions
Example 1
Original:
…for she could never long endure any conversation of which she was not the chief subject.But she smiled when she spoke, consciously deepening her dimple.(Margaret, 2009, 4)
Translation:
Li: 對于不是以她為中心的談話,她從來就不會忍受太久。……還刻意使臉上的酒窩顯得深些。(李美華,2000:7)
Jia: 因為她絕對不能長時間忍受人家交談卻不把她當成主要話題。……還故意把酒窩縮得很深。(賈文浩,2002:5)
Then Scarlett is talking with Stuart and Brent Tarleton in the cool shade of the porch of Tara.She feels very impatient when the twins talk about war.To put emphasis on Scarlett’s vanity as a girl Li intentionally inverts partially the whole sentence, and places the object “對于不是以她為中心的談話” at the beginning of the sentence.But Jia translates the sentence completely in the original order.Usually vanity makes girls wish to be beautiful and attract others’ attention.Li’s translation reinforces readers’ knowledge of Scarlett’s vanity by emphasis on word order.From this example, we can see that Li can understand the girl’s inner desire to have the attention of boys better.In addition, Li adopts an appropriate word “刻意” to express Scarlett’s desire to attract others’ attention.However,Jia’s “故意” implies contempt for Scarlett’s being coquettish, which is avoided as much as possible by some translators.So Li’s version is more suitable than Jia’s.
2.1.1.2 Leading characters’ jealousy described in two Chinese versions
Example 2
Original:
So Rhett consorted with that vile Watling creature.(Margaret, 2009, 236)
Translation:
Li: 瑞德居然和可恥的沃特琳這個混在一起。(李美華,2000:301)
Jia: 瑞德居然跟這個壞女人沃特琳有來往。(賈文浩2002:173)
Scarlett finds that Watling has the handkerchief just like hers by chance.Humiliation and fury are filling her.Her hope that Rhett is in love with her is shattered.So she adopts the word “creature” to describe Watling.Li detects a slight hint of jealousy in Scarlett’s mind, so she translates “creature” into “”, which usually refers to a lady of easy virtue in Chinese.Jia’s translation “壞女人” can’t directly refer to a street girl who engages in sexual activities and plays around together with men.Watling is a street girl.So “” is a more appropriate description of “creature” than “壞女人”.So Li’s version can reproduce Scarlett’s jealousy better than Jia’s.
2.1.1.3 Leading characters’ love of beauty described in two Chinese versions
Example 3
Original:
Scarlett had Lou lace her stays as tightly as the strings would pull.Then she passed the tape measure about her waist.Twenty inches! She groaned aloud.That was what having babies did to your figure! (Margaret, 2009, 849)
Translation:
Li: ……能系多緊就系多緊。……那就是生孩子毀的身材!(李美華, 2000:1061)
Jia: ……盡量拉緊腹帶,……這就是生孩子給身段造成的結果!(賈文浩,2002:631)
After giving birth to Bonnie, Scarlett’s waist becomes twenty inches long.She is so regretful that she decides not to have any more babies.Women all want to keep slim, Scarlett is no exception.Li translates “lace as tightly as the strings would pull” into “能系多緊就系多緊”, which shows us her crying needs for recuperating more slender body.As a female writer, Li knows what having baby will do to women’s figure, so she uses the Chinese word “毀” to describe the outcome.Jia, as a male, can’t deeply feel the mental and physical pain of having babies and its outcome.Li can better understand the writer’s writing purpose than Jia.
2.1.1.4 Leading characters’ self-respect described in two Chinese versions
Example4
Original:
I mustn’t bawl; I mustn’t beg… (Margaret, 2009, 985)
Translation:
Li: 我不能聲嘶力竭地大喊大叫,我不能懇求,……(李美華, 2000:1231)
Jia: 我可不能哭出來,也不能向他乞求,……(賈文浩,2002:735)
Their daughter died because of an accident.When Scarlett finally understands Rhett's position in her heart, Rhett intends to go away with frustration and depression. Scarlett doesn’t try to make him stay by force; on the contrary, she will go home to Tara to get strength.In the source text, the writer adopted “mustn’t bawl and beg” to describe Scarlett’s high self-esteem.Bawl means shout and cry loudly.Li translates it into “聲嘶力竭地大喊大叫” vividly.As for Jia’s version “哭出來”, the translator can’t experience a woman’s feeling of loneliness and helplessness after her husband left.Meanwhile, the two translators’ treatments of “beg” are in different ways.“乞求―乞討哀求” implies the inequality between Scarlett and Rhett, which should be avoided as much as possible.Here “懇求”, a neutral word, is more appropriate.So Li’s version is more suitable than Jia’s here.
Example 5
Original:
She had a cloud of curly dark hair which was so sternly repressed beneath its net.(Margaret, 2009, 96)
Translation:
Li: ……黑發被一絲不茍地梳平罩在發罩里。(李美華, 2000:124)
Jia: ……黑卷發卻用發網死死罩起來。(賈文浩,2002:71)
In the description of appearances of Melanie, the writer wanted to illustrate some remarkable character traits of the “goddess” in her heart, such as earnest, sedateness, dignity and so on.Therefore, her words “sternly repressed” should be commendatory.Li translates it into “一絲不茍地梳平罩在”, representing Melanie’s earnest.That version is just identical to the writer’s intention.From the version “用發網死死罩起來” we can’t feel anything else but rigidness.So Li’s version is more suitable here.
2.2 Linguistic features in translated versions of Gone with the Wind
2.2.1 The lexical aspect
2.2.1.1 Tactful words in Li’s version and coarse words in Jia’s version
Example 6
Original:
“You have lived with three men and still know nothing of men’s natures.You seem to think they are like old ladies past the change of life.” (Margaret, 2009, 854)
Translation:
Li: “你已經跟三個男人生活過,卻還是一點也不了解男人的天性。你好像把他們看成是經歷過生活變化的老太太。” (李美華, 2000:1066)
Jia: “你已經跟三個男人生活過,卻仍然不了解男人的脾性。你好像認為,男人就像過了絕經期的老太太一樣沒有欲望吧。” (賈文浩,2002:634)
In this example Li wants to avoid the coarse expressions, but Jia expresses more directly and coarsely.Sometimes the painstaking avoidance may confuse the readers, and make the problem complicated.For example, the writer wanted to say it is natural that men want women because “they aren’t like the old ladies past the change of life”.Li understands the implications but avoids translating it clearly by saying “經歷過生活變化的老太太”.While Jia translates it into “你好像認為,男人就像過了絕經期的老太太一樣沒有欲望吧”.“過了絕經期” is sarcastic to compare men to the old ladies here, so Jia deals with it more appropriately.
2.2.1.2 Women-preferred extravagant and emotional words
Women often use so-called ‘extravagant words’ to convey more emotion than definite meanings while men seldom use them.
Example 7
Original:
“He is going to kiss me!” thought Scarlett ecstatically.…
“I apologize most humbly, Scarlett.”(Margaret, 2009, 852)
Translation:
Li: “他就要吻我啦!”思嘉心醉神迷地想。……(李美華, 2000:1063)
Jia:“他要親吻我啦!”斯佳麗心中一陣狂喜。……(賈文浩,2002:632)
Scarlett loves Ashley and she is unwilling to give up.Till the opportunity comes, Scarlett can stay with Ashley alone, and Ashley seems to keep dubious relations with her.Li, as a female translator, likes using those words such as “心醉神迷”.“心醉神迷” means admire or love somebody to the utmost extent, which is more extravagant than “狂喜”in meanings.So Li uses more extravagant expressions in her translated version.
2.2.2 The syntactical aspect
2.2.2.1 Paratactic sentences in Li’s version and hypotactic sentences in Jia’s version
Example8
Original:
Now there came rushing to her mind many things to which she had given little thought recently, conversations she had heard but to which she had not listened, masculine talk which had been checked half finished when she came into rooms, small incidents in which she had seen no significance at the time, Frank’s futile warnings to her against driving out to the mill with only the feeble Uncle Peter to protect her.Now they fitted themselves together into one horrifying picture.(Margaret, 2009, 615)
Example9
Original:
“Isn’t it enough that they’ve licked us and beggared us without turning loose scoundrels on us?” (Margaret, 2009, 493)
Translation:
Li: “他們把我們打敗了,沒把那些流氓放出來就已經把我們變成了乞丐,難道這還不夠嗎?”(李美華, 2000:621)
Jia: “他們打敗我們,讓我們變成了叫花子還不夠,現在又放出這幫流氓來對付我們!”(賈文浩,2002:367)
The war was over, but the Yankees could still rob her.The extra tax assessment is the money Scarlett has to raise.She has no way out but marries a rich man.So from Li’s interrogative sentence “難道這還不夠嗎?” we can find that Scarlett speaks in a tone of helplessness and fury.But in Jia’s version we can’t feel that kind of intense rage.So Li’s version is more suitable than Jia’s.
Translation:
Li:她一走進房間,本來正在談話的先生們話才說到一半,卻突然停下不說了;還有當時她認為無關緊要的小事;弗蘭克還提醒她,只有弱小的彼德大叔保護,不要駕車到鋸木廠去,可她卻不聽等等。(李美華, 2000:773)
Jia:一見她進屋,立刻打住話頭,可她也并沒有真正在意。他還記得弗蘭克警告過她多次,不準她駕車去鋸木廠,只有身體虛弱的彼德大叔在身邊保護她,可弗蘭克的一次次警告讓她當成了耳邊風。(賈文浩,2002:456)
In the above example we can find that Li prefers the parallel sentences while Jia prefers clauses with subordinate conjunctions linking them.Li usually makes use of semicolon to make the unrelated contents connected, while Jia usually makes use of conjunctions like “但是”“一見……立刻”“只是因為……才”“可” and so on to connect the clauses.Those are the obvious differences between their translated versions.
2.2.2.2 Interrogative sentences in Li’s version and declarative sentences in Jia’s version
3.Conclusion
This thesis attempts to compare the two Chinese versions of Gone with the Wind from the social linguistic perspective.Through detailed comparison, we have noted that gender difference has great impact on translation process as well as the translators’ choice of translation methods.Gender difference, being formed by society, culture and history, is an everlasting topic that cannot be ignored in any period.From the gender difference perspective we can find out the diversity displayed in different versions in the process of translation so as to reveal that different translators will translate with different methods because of gender difference.In this thesis it is found that the female translator Li shows stronger gender consciousness, mainly embodied in her representation of the feminization of language and feminine linguistic features in the translation process.But it doesn’t mean the male translator Jia has no gender consciousness, for sometimes his translated versions can better represent the intentions of the source text.
By analysis, it is concluded that in lexical level female translators tend to use more tactful words while male translators prefer coarse ones; female translators tend to contain more extravagant words in their versions than male do; in the level of syntax, female translators tend to adopt parallel structures to make the sentences neat; female translators tend to adopt interrogative sentences to emphasize their ideas.In addition, female translators are easier to understand and to convey the intention of female writers; female translators faithfully depict women characters’ appearance from women’s perspective.
Now a series of studies have been made on gender difference in the analysis of literary works, while few textual analyses are carried out to show how gender influences translation, so more researches on translation from gender difference perspective should be carried out.
References:
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[2]Mitchell, Margaret.Gone with the Wind[M].New York: Macmillan, 1964.
[3]Susanne, de Lotbinière-Harwood.The Body Bilingual[M].Toronto: Women’s Press, 1991.
[4]陳冉.從歸化和異化角度分析《飄》的兩個中譯本[D].北京語言大學, 2007: 1-72.
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