前言：想要寫出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章嗎？我們特意為您整理了5篇sleep的過去式范文，相信會為您的寫作帶來幫助，發現更多的寫作思路和靈感。

sleep的過去式范文第1篇

關鍵詞：探究語言規律；巧學妙記；不規則動詞

在高中階段的英語學習中，動詞的學習仍然是非常重要的。這是因為動詞是英語句子的重心所在。同一個動詞因語境不同需進行相應的時態，語態等方面的詞形變化。英語動詞有五種基本形式：（1）動詞原形；（2）第三人稱單數形式；（3））過去式；（4）過去分詞和（5）現在分詞。其中最難掌握的就是動詞的過去式和過去分詞。因為過去式和過去分詞構成形式有兩種情況：一類是規則動詞，都由動詞原形詞尾加-ed構成，如work―worked--worked. 這類動詞的過去式和過去分詞完全一樣，學生只要熟記幾條變化規則就可基本掌握。

另一類是不規則動詞。不規則動詞的變化相當復雜，既難學，又難記。因為由動詞原形轉變為過去式和過去分詞時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規則。有些動詞的過去式和過去分詞甚至與原形相去甚遠，幾乎看不見原形的“影子”。在閱讀英語文章時，這些不規則動詞就像生詞一樣成為學生的攔路虎，嚴重影響閱讀理解。例如：The soldiers fled in all directions when the plane flew over their head.許多學生因為不知道這個句子中的fled 和flew是哪兩個動詞的過去式，把它們當作生詞，因而讀不懂句子。又如：He lit a candle .這一句中的lit就很難與light（點燃）聯系起來。盡管現代英語中的不規則動詞總數不超過二百個，但大多數卻是常用動詞，并且使用頻率相當高，如果記的不熟練，就會使學生在英語學習中對文章的正確理解造成困難。又因中英文化語法方面的差異，中國學生對這種詞形變化的掌握感到困難。很多英語語法書上都說：“不規則動詞的變化沒有一定的規律，需單獨記憶”。死記硬背，只能暫時記住，但時間一長，就又忘得一干二凈。那么，如何解決不規則動詞這個難題呢？筆者通過多年的教學研究，認為不規則動詞也有其內在的規律。如果教師在平時的教學中，指導學生探究這些規律，巧學妙記，不規則動詞這個難題就可以輕松解決了。通過多年教學積累，我把中學課本上出現的不規則動詞按變化情況歸納成五大類型：1.AAA型。2. AAB型。3.ABA型。4.ABB型。

第一種AAA型，即動詞原形，過去式，過去分詞三種詞形完全一樣。它們有，burst，cast，cost；bid，hit，hurt，quit；let，set；cut， put，shut；read，spread等。這些單詞的特點是：都是單音節詞且詞尾都是輔音字母t和d（但get和sit例外）。記憶時可用打節拍的方式，如bid―bid―bid。學生覺得既有趣，又易上口，且記得牢。

第二種AAB型，即動詞原形，過去式兩種詞形完全一樣，而過去分詞發生變化。英語中只有beat一個動詞。可以用趣味記憶法：beat―beat―beaten“打―打―打疼”.

第三種ABA 型，即過去分詞與原形相同，而過去式發生變化。這類動詞數量也不多，只有come（來），become（成為）， overcome（克服），run（跑）四個。可以用順口溜縮記為：來成為，克服跑。

第四種ABB型，即過去式與過去分詞的變化完全相同。英語中65%的動詞都是屬于這一類的（事實上，所有的規則動詞都屬于這一類，例如：work―worked―worked）。只要記住過去式，也就記住了過去分詞。我們可用“詞形相似，變化相似”的規律，讓學生歸類總結，記憶此類動詞。

1.動詞原形是“-ee-”型的，用口訣：“去掉一個e，詞尾加個t；t，d結尾不加t”如feel―felt―felt.有creep，kneel，sweep，keep， sleep，feel，weep等。而bleed，feed，meet，speed四個動詞以t，d結尾，去掉一個e即可，不再加t.如：feed―fed ―fed.口訣：“爬著跪著掃地，睡覺感覺哭泣，遇到加速流血，保持喂養不宜。” 但是flee―fled―fled；freeze―froze―frozen；seek―sought―sought；see―saw―seen。這四個動詞例外，須特別記憶。

2.詞形相似的say，lay，pay三個動詞，變化規律相似，要把ay變為aid.如say―said―said.詞形相似的還有bend，lend， send，rend，spend，是把末尾的d變成t即可。如：bend―bent―bent；lend―lent―lent。還有spill，spell，smell，dwell都是以兩個“ll”結尾，需要把末尾字母l變成t。如spill―spilt―spilt；spell―spelt―spelt等。過去式與過去分詞以“輔音字母-ought”的形式變化的有bring，buy，fight，seek，think五個動詞。根據它們的漢語意思用口訣記為：帶來買戰斗，尋找想遨游（ought）。而以“輔音字母-aught”形式變化的有catch，teach這兩個動詞，用口訣記為：抓住教學是愛幼（aught）

sleep的過去式范文第2篇

一、要做學習的管理者

在英語教學活動中，最大限度地激發學生的學習積極性，培養學習興趣，首先要做一個學習的管理者。

1.學會自主學習。我在教學中發現，凡是英語學習自主的同學，成績都比較好，凡是在父母或老師的威逼下學習的同學，成績都較差。

2.提高學習效率。學習的效率就蘊含在各個學習環節之中。只有把握好每個環節的質量，才能從整體上提高學習效率。

3.科學安排時間。一般來說，英語難學而且背的東西很多，就需要給英語多安排學習時間，還要能充分地有效地利用這些時間。在制訂學習計劃時，除了從實際出發、區分輕重緩急、做出可操作的安排外，還需要注意以下幾點。

（1）要有彈性：留出部分時間，以便能根據實際情況調整計劃。

（2）適合自己：根據自己的學習方式和能力作出恰當的安排，合理地分配時間。

（3）自我激勵;當高效率地執行計劃，或遇到困難仍堅持完成計劃時，適當地給自己一些獎勵。

二、要了解自己的學習方式。

心里學家認為，每個人在學習方式上都有自己的特點。當學生在適合自己的環境中學習時，就能獲得更好的學習效果。例如：

1.小王喜歡早上看書學習，小李覺得中午學習的效率高，而小劉喜歡晚上熬夜看書。

2.小剛覺得一個人獨自學習效果好，而小偉覺得與小伙伴一起學習效果更好。

3.小軍喜歡通過閱讀來學習，小靜覺得聽別人講更容易學到知識，而小新覺得自己動手做的事情更容易記住。

4.小黃在周圍同學說話的時候也能看書，不太受干擾，而小孫則要在比較安靜的時候才能學習。

因此，每個同學要了解并選用適合自己的方式學習。

三、要找到適合自己的學習方法

我認為，要想學好英語，必須找到適合自己的一些特別方法。

1.朗讀法。朗讀法是指把所要記的東西大聲讀出來記憶的方法。

2.默讀法。此法是指把要記的東西不讀出聲來的記憶方法。

3.朗讀默讀法。此法是指把所要記的內容先朗讀一兩遍，再默讀記憶，記得更快更牢。

4.對比法。此法是指把要學要記的內容放在一起作對比記憶的方法。英語中的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、對應詞就可用此法記。例如，將good（好的）與well(好的),long(長的)與short(短的)，father（父親）與mother（母親），up（向上）與down(向下)等詞放在一起對比著記效果不錯。

5.歸類法。此法是指把表示同一類事物或現象的詞全部放在一起記憶的方法。例如，red（紅色的）,yellow（黃色的）,blue（藍色的）等表顏色的詞可一起記；head（頭），neck（脖子），arm（胳膊）等人體部位的詞可一起記。Monday（星期一）,Wednesday（星期三）,Sunday（星期日）等表示星期的詞可一起記。

6.理解記憶法。此法是指對所要記的東西必須在理解意思的基礎上記憶的方法。例如，英語動詞sleep的過去式是slept,sweep的過去式是swept,keep過去式是kept.由此可找到記憶的規律：這三個動詞里的eep在過去式里都變成了ept.

四、要學會享受學習

在學習過程中，需要克服困難，刻苦努力，是很苦的，但在這個過程中，我們不斷發現自己的潛能，能獲得一種不斷超越自己的快樂。因此，要認識到學習英語的苦與樂，正確對待苦與樂，在苦中尋樂，要把苦當做樂、當做一種享受，才能學好英語。

五、要做到正確認識自己

我們需要不斷更新、不斷完善對自己的認識，才能使自己變得更好和更完美。

1.要做到用發展的眼光看待自己。在英語學習中，有的學生怎么學也學不好，把自己看死了，看扁了，沒發展了。熟不知，如果肯想辦法、肯努力學，一定會有進步，最終能學好英語的。

2.要全面認識自己，既要看到自己的短處，也要看到自己的長處。有的學生認為自己笨，再加上英語基礎差，就對學習英語失去信心。熟不知“笨鳥先飛”、“勤能補拙”！只要自己勤學苦練、比聰明的同學多下些功夫，就一定能學好英語，說不定還能趕上并超過原來比自己學得好的同學哩。

sleep的過去式范文第3篇

V.單項選擇(共15小題，每小題1分，計15分)

21. Li Na others and got the gold medal.

A. won B. beat C. hit D. played

22. My bike was broken. So I have it .

A. taken B. brought C. repaired D. bought

23. We have nothing today. How about going to the concert?

A. do B. to do C. doing D. did

24.—I didn’t hear of the news.

—Me .

A. too B. either C. as well D. neither

25. the game is to me!

A. How important B. What important C. How an important D. What an important

26. All the students in our class like Huo Zun Li Ming. He likes Li Qi best.

A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for

27. People in the south had to prepare the flood.

A. in B. for C. of D. with

28. Three years ago, he met a good teacher. he has given up his bad habits.

A. In all B. Since then C. When D. Since

29. The lion is the symbol courage.

A. of B. at C. on D. in

30. They slapped their hands that they loved the picture show.

A. showed B. to show C. of showing D. show

31. The father gives his son the way of making money money itself.

A. instead B. instead of C. though D. but

32. The head of the team, by us, is from another city.

A. choose B. chose C. chosen D. is chosen

33. What he does is than what he says.

A. power B. powerful C. more powerful D. most powerful

34. Is it always easy for you the news on the radio?

A. listen to B. to listen to C. listening to D. to listening to

35. Instead of the truth, he told a lie.

A. tells B. tell C. to tell D. tellingVI.完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，計15分)

Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy， 36 few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone 37 lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words，we make 38 own happiness. Here are 39 ways to help you be happier.

40 secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often，we spend so much time 41 about the future—for example，getting into college or getting a good job—that we fail to enjoy the 42. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures，such as 43 a good book，listening to your favorite music，or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends tend to live happier and healthier lives.

The second secret to leading a happy life is to be 44. Many people experience this by dancing，or playing a sport. You can forget about your problems，and 45 think about the activity.

Finally，many people find happiness in helping 46 .According to studies，people feel good 47 they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier，do 48 for someone. You can help a friend 49 his or her studies，go shopping to get food for 50 old neighbor，or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.

36. A. but B. as C. or D. so

37. A. do not accept B. do not take C. do not bring D. do not like

38. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves

39. A. few B. a few C. a little D. little

40. A. The first B. At first C. First of all D. The last

41. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought

42. A. past B. present C. future D. yesterday

43. A. seeing B. watching C. reading D. looking

44. A. active B. quiet C. strict D. cold

45. A. ever B. never C. only D. yet

46. A. another B. other C. others D. the other

47. A. what B. when C. where D. why

48. A. something nice B. something serious C. something difficult D. something bad

49. A. in B. on C. with D. at

50. A. a B. an C. / D. twoVII.閱讀理解(共15小題，每小題1分，計15 分)

A

Babies sleep about eighteen hours a day.Mrs. Thatcher and Napoleon both said they only needed to do it three or four hours a night.No one can live without sleep.But how much do we really need?

Research(研究)by the National Sleep Foundation in Washington says that we all need eight hours’ sleep every night.Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than six and a half hours a night are more often ill than people who sleep for eight hours.Going without sleep also increases(增加)the chance of serious illness.“Workaholics(工作狂)”who sleep for less than five hours often die young，and do less well at work.

The scientists found that adults(成年人)usually sleep for seven hours a night，with 32% sleeping less than six hours.

It also says that the idea that we need less sleep as we get older is completely untrue.“People have no idea how important sleep is to their lives.”Dr. Thomas Roth，director of the Foundation says.“Good health needs good sleep.”

“But not too much of it.”says Professor Jim Horne of Loughborough University,“sleep is like food and drink，”he believes，“you would always like to have a little bit more，but that doesn’t mean you need it.”Professor Horne studied a group of people who could spend as many hours as they wanted in bed，after ten hours they didn’t find it any easier to get up in the morning.And people who sleep for more than nine hours a night die younger than people who usually sleep for seven or eight!

51. How many hours a day do babies sleep?

A. About 8 hours. B. About 3 hours. C. About 4 hours. D. About 18 hours.

52. It’s for your health to work without sleep.

A. good B. healthy C. bad D. useful

53. The word “it” in the sentence “But not too much of it.” means .

A. idea B. sleep C. work D. study

54. Professor Horne found it was not for people to get up in the morning after ten hours’ sleep.

A. easier B. happier C. more important D. more difficult

55. The passage(文章)is about .

A. sports B. food C. sleep D. drink

B

Music is an international language. Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class，after class，and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street. Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people. Most of the radio broadcast is music.

Popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country，young people buy his or her tape. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes，all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.

There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It has stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music. Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music，such as the symphonies of Beethoven.

56. Almost every American student likes .

A. popular music B. American songs C. folk music D. classical music

57. What do adult drivers do while they are driving?

A. Listen to pop songs. B. Listen to news and make a CD.

C. Listen to music and news. D. Listen to folk music.

58. What’s one of the reasons that singers become national stars?

A. Their CDs or tapes are used in every state. B. Several young people buy their CDs.

C. They are followed by young people. D. They are handsome or beautiful.

59. was started by cowboys.

A. Popular music B. Western music C. Serious music D. Folk music

60. What may be the best title for this passage?

A. Popular Music in America B. Kinds of Music in America

C. How to Be Famous Singers D. History of MusicC

Do you know something about the holiday camps in Hong Kong? The students in Hong Kong used to take part in an English holiday camp in their holidays.And their parents weren’t with them.Though they were very young.

Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents.Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to learn some practical knowledge in their life, some knowledge about living skills, science, reading and writing...The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.

Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive.Most of the families can afford to send their children there for further study, for making their bodies strong...And the government never charges (收費) for them.

It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things.Perhaps it has something with the kinds of holiday camps.

61. Students in Hong Kong like to take part in the .

A. holiday camps B. English holiday camps

C. science holiday camps D. Chinese holiday camps

62. When students in Hong Kong are in the holiday camps, their parents .

A. must be with them B. have to look after them nearby

C. must stay at home D. aren’t with them

63. The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps in Hong Kong is .

A. to make their bodies strong B. to learn much knowledge about many things

C. to learn to look after themselves D. to have a further study about many subjects

64. The cost to take part in a holiday camp is .

A. very dear B. not cheap C. very high D. low

65. The students who often take part in the holiday camps .

A. must be knowledgeable B. must be very thin

C. must be very tall D. must be very beautifulVIII.任務型閱讀(共5小題，每小題2分，計10分)

It’s easier to agree than disagree. The following tips can help keep disagreements constructive.

•Don’t make it personal.

If you get upset, it can help to remember that you’re mad at the person’s idea, not the person.

•Never criticize the other person’s idea.

Instead of saying“That’s a stupid idea!”, try:“I don’t agree, and here’s why.”Never shout loudly and you’ll have a much better chance of getting your idea across.

•Use “I” statements to communicate how you feel and what you think.

Using“you”statements can sound argumentative (好爭論的). For example, telling your mom“You always remind me of my chores when I have a lot of homework”has a very different tone(語氣)from“I’m under pressure because I have a lot of homework tonight. Can I do those chores tomorrow?”

•Listen to the other point of view.

When the other person is talking, try to stop thinking about why you disagree or what you’ll say next. Instead, focus on what’s being said. When it’s your turn to talk, repeat some key points the other person made to show you have paid attention to what was said. Then calmly express why you disagree.

•Stay calm.

This is the most important thing that you can do to keep a conversation going on well.

66題判斷正誤(“T”表示正確，“F”表示錯誤);67題完成句子;68、69題簡略回答問題; 70題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。

66. The passage mainly talks about tips to show disagreements.[ ]

67. is the most important thing that you can do to keep a conversation going on well.

68. What should we do when the other person is talking?

69. What should we say if we disagree with someone?

70.

IX.根據句意及漢語提示完成單詞(共5小題，每小題1分，計5分)

71.Though they meet often, they send (信息)to each other sometimes.

72.He has already (分離)the red apples from the green ones.

73.What they do shows that they are (紳士).

74.That man always (表現)like that, so he gets himself disliked.

75. The ball was thrown onto the ground. It (彈起)quickly.X.基礎寫作(包括A、B兩部分，A部分5分，B部分15分，共計20分)

A.連詞成句(共5小題，每小題1分，計5分)

76. close, his, he, lives, friend, tow

.

77. say, girl, to, something, let’s, the

.

78. to, dispute, it, fun, is, with, deal, the

?

79. checked, the, have, messages, you

?

80. too, our, we, busy, game, were, with

.

B.書面表達(計15分)

81. 假如你是李華，現實生活中你遇到了一些煩惱。你興趣廣泛，喜歡唱歌、畫畫、體育運動等，所有這些帶給你許多快樂，但媽媽怕你因此耽誤學習，所以不允許你發展這些愛好。你覺得媽媽不理解你，所以你們經常爭吵。你很苦惱，不知道怎么辦才好。

請根據上述內容給你的好朋友Sally寫一封80詞左右的電子郵件，希望她能幫助你。開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。

Dear Sally,

I have some trouble in my life.

Yours,

Li Hua21. B 由句中got the gold medal可知“李娜擊敗了其他的人”。beat sb.是“擊敗某人”之意。故選B。

22. C take“拿”;bring“帶來”;repair“修理”;buy“買”。由“我的自行車壞了”可知“所以我讓人把它修理了”，所以repair符合要求。故選C。

23. B 此處是動詞不定式to do作后置定語。

24. D 前句是否定式，后句表示“我也不”，要用Me neither.。故選D。

25. A 本句是一個感嘆句，由句中the game可知此處應是“How+形容詞...!”結構，故選A項。

26. C beside“在……旁邊”;besides“除……之外還有……”，強調“另外(還)……”;except“除……之外其余都……”，強調“排除……在外”;except for“除……之外”，表示對主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定。由后句“他最喜歡李琦”可知前句意為“除李明之外我們班所有學生都喜歡霍尊”，所以except符合要求，故選C。

27. B prepare for是固定短語，意為“為……做準備”。

28. B in all“一共”;since then“從那時開始”;when“當……時候”;since“自……以來”。由前句句意“三年前他遇到了一位好老師”可知，后句意為“從那時開始他就戒除了壞習慣”。since then符合要求，故選B。

29. A the symbol of是固定短語，意為“……的象征”。

30. B 此處是動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。

31. B instead“相反地”，用作副詞，常用于句末;instead of“而不是……”，是介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞等;though“雖然;即使”，引導讓步狀語從句;but“但是”，用作連詞，表示轉折。句意為“這個父親給他兒子掙錢的方法而不是錢本身”，故instead of符合要求。

32. C 此處可理解為過去分詞表示被動。故選C。

33. C 由句中than可知應用比較級的形式，故C項正確。

34. B It is+形容詞+for sb. to do sth.是固定句型。故選B項。

35. D instead of是介詞短語，其后跟動名詞形式，故選D。

36. A 由“大多數人想要幸福，但是沒有幾個人知道怎樣找到幸福”可知，空格處應填but，表示語氣的轉折，故選A。

37. C 由下文“幸福要依靠我們自己”可知“僅有金錢與成功并不能帶來長久的幸福”。

38. B our own是雙重所有格結構。換句話說，我們創造自己的幸福。

39. B few表示否定;(a)little修飾不可數名詞;故選a few，表示“幾個，一些”，修飾后面的ways。

40. A 由下一段開頭的“The second secret...”可知此處應選A。

41. A spend... doing sth.意為“花費……做某事”，故選A。

42. B 由前文“我們經常花費太多的時間考慮將來……”可知我們沒有享受現在，故選B。

43. C 讀書應用read。

44. A active意為“積極的”;quiet意為“安靜的”;strict意為“嚴格的”;cold意為“寒冷的”。由下文的“dancing，or playing a sport”可知此處應用active。B、C、D三項不符合題意。

45. C 由“你可以忘記你的問題”及選項可知此處應填only “僅僅，只是”。

46. C others “其他人”，相當于other people，其后不需要加名詞。

47. B 由下文的“volunteer their time”可知此處應填when。

48. A 由前文的幫助他人可知此處應是做“好事”。

49. C help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人(做)某事”。

50. B old以元音音素開頭，所以冠詞應用an，故選B。

51. D 由第一段第一句“Babies sleep about eighteen hours a day.”可知答案為D。

52. C 由短文的第二段可知“只工作不睡覺對健康有害”，故選C。

53. B 文章第四段最后一句“Good health needs good sleep.”和 “But not too much of it.”連在一起，便可知it指sleep。故選B。

54. A 由文章第五段的“Professor Horne studied a group of people who could spend as many hours as they wanted in bed，after ten hours they didn’t find it any easier to get up in the morning.”可知答案為A。

55. C 本文從頭至尾談論一個主題“sleep”。故選C。

56. A 由第一段的第二句“Popular music in America is what every student likes.”可知選A。

57. C 由第一段的“Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people.”可知選C。

58. A 由第二段的內容可知：歌星成為明星的原因之一就是他們的激光唱片或磁帶被用于(美國的)每一個州的廣播臺。

59. B 由第三段的“Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.”可知選B。

60. B 本文主要介紹了美國的音樂種類，故選B項最合適。

61. A 由第二段的“Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents.”可知。

62. D 由第二段第一句Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents.可知他們的父母并不跟隨他們，故選D項。

63. C 由第二段最后一句The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.可知，在香港學生們參加假日野營活動最重要的事情是學習自理能力，故選C項。

64. D 由第三段第一句Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive.知此活動并不昂貴，故選D項。

65. A 由最后一段第一句It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things.可知，經常參加此類野營活動的學生們在許多方面一定有大量的知識，故選A項。

66. T 本文主要是圍繞著如何表達“不同意”展開的，共提出了五個建議。

67. Staying calm 由文章最后一點建議可知答案。

68. We should focus on what’s being said. 由第四點建議中的句子When the other person is talking, try to stop thinking about why you disagree or what you’ll say next. Instead, focus on what’s being said.可知答案。

69.We should say“I don’t agree, and here’s why.” 由第二點建議中的Instead of saying“That’s a stupid idea!”, try:“I don’t agree, and here’s why.”可知答案。

70.然后平靜地表達自己的不同意。

71. messages message是可數名詞，其前沒有表示單數的修飾詞，故填其復數形式。

72. separated 句中already是現在完成時的標志，故填separate的過去分詞。

73. gentlemen 句中they are決定用gentleman的復數形式。

74. behaves “表現”的英文是behave，并列句“so he gets himself disliked”是一般現在時，且that man是第三人稱單數，故填behaves。

75. bounced “彈起”的英文是bounce，由前句是一般過去時可知應填其過去式bounced。

76. He lives close to his friend

77. Let’s say something to the girl

78. Is it fun to deal with the dispute

79. Have you checked the messages

80. We were too busy with our game

81. One possible version：

Dear Sally,

I have some trouble in my life. You know I have many interests, such as singing, drawing and doing sports. They always bring me lots of fun. But my mother thinks they will have bad influence on my study, for she hopes I can always get good grades, so she doesn’t allow me to do these. I think my mother can’t understand me. So we often have arguments. I’m very unhappy and don’t know what to do.

Can you help me? I hope you can give me some advice. Please write to me soon.

sleep的過去式范文第4篇

關鍵詞：英語時態認知語言學

在英語當中，時態（tense）是一個語法范疇，它表示具有時間區分度的動詞形式。這就是說，時態和時間既有聯系，又有區別。從理論上來說，時態與其所表示的時間往往是應該是一致的，例如，現在進行時，就應該表示“現在、目前所正在發生的動作或狀態”，但實際情況并非都是這樣，現在進行時還可以不表時態，而表人的感彩，例如：heisalwaystellinglies，該句中，bedoing結構，并不是指現在時刻他正在說謊，而是指他總是說謊，具有說謊的習慣。因此，我們認為，當一個時態與其所表示的時間剛好成一致關系時，時態就是指時間。但是，更多的情況是，某個時態所表示的時間概念并不能與該時態相對應，即時態的“時”與其所指“時間”不一致。究其原因，除了英漢語言的本質差異外（英語是一門以“形合”為主的語言，而漢語是一門以“意合”為主的語言），更多的實際原因是因為英語當中的“時態”用法的多樣性和特殊性所造成的，從社會語言學的角度來看，這也是英語時態發展的必然結果。而同時，英語時態的“時”與其所指“時間”的不一致現象研究又往往是高考的熱門考點。基于此，本文歸納和研究了與該語法現象相關的語法考點，以期為學習者更好的掌握英語時態及其用法提供一個有效的參考。

1一般現在時

（1）一般現在時表示按“時間表、時刻表、日程表”等安排將要發生的動作，只限于go / arrive / leave / start / stay / return / begin / come等動詞。例如：The plane takes off at 6：00.

（2）在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中，用一般現在時表將來。If it is fine tomorrow，we will go out to enjoy ourselves.

（3）一般現在時表示“現在正在發生的動作”；但這一用法常見于戲法表演、技術操作表演等的解說詞中。Look，I take this card from the pack...在本句中，I take相當于I am taking.

（4）一般現在時表示過去的時間，作為一種修辭手法在敘事文和新聞報道中追溯往事，以增加描述的生動性和真實感，這就是“歷史性再現”。I hear poor old Mrs. Smith has lost her son.在本句中，I hear相當于I heard.

2現在進行時

（1）表示現階段正在發生的動作。I am writing a book recently.

（2）表示說話人對主語行為的贊嘆和厭惡等感彩，常與always / constantly / continually等副詞連用。The child is always making trouble.（表示厭惡）

（3）與go / come / leave / start / arrive / return / work / sleep / stay / have / wear等表示移動、方向的動詞連用時，表示計劃和安排即將發生的動作。She is coming soon.

（4）表示剛剛過去的動作。You don’t believe it？ / You know I am telling the truth.

（5）表示委婉的語氣。Iamhopingyouwillgiveussomeadvice.

（6）現在進行時在時間狀語和條件狀語從句中，表示將來。If you are standing at the corner，I will give you a lift.

3一般過去時

（1）表示委婉口氣。A： did you want me？ B： yes，I wondered if you could give me some advice.

上述句子中也能用一般性知識，但口氣不如一般過去式委婉。這一用法只限于want/hope/wonder/think等少數幾個動詞。

（2）用于虛擬語氣中，表示與現在事實相反的主觀設想。I wish you lived closer to me.

（3）表示虛構含義。He looks as if he was sick.從句中，動詞用過去時表示“似乎生病了，但實際并沒有”。如果改為is，則表示真的生病了。

（4）一般過去時用于條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句，表示過去將來。She said her mother would let her go with me when she liked me.

4過去進行時

（1）過去進行時表示過去某一階段內“習慣的動作”。Tom was getting up at five everyday that week.

（2）表示說話人贊嘆和厭惡等感彩，常與always / constantly / continually等副詞連用。Jane was always thinking of her work at that time.

5一般將來時

需要說明的是，與其它時態的結構有些不同的是，一般將來時并沒有一個固定的結構進行表達；相反，一般將來時的構成有多種方式和結構。除了以上所說的各種時態有時也可以表示一般將來的含義外，常見的典型的表示一般將來時的結構有：Will / shall do、be going to do、be to do、be about to do等。這些結構，都能表示“不同含義”的一般將來時。但其也有不表示一般將來時的情況。

（1）shall用于第一人稱，表示意圖和決心。I shall never do that again.

（2）shall用于第一人稱主語表示“征求意見”。Shallwe go？

（3）shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人的意圖。You shall get a promotion. = I will give you a promotion.

（4）在if引導的條件狀語從句中，will不表將來，表示“意愿”。If you will accept me，I will be glad. = If you are willing to accept me，I will be glad.

6現在完成時

（1）現在完成時的“未完成”，表示動作從過去開始，繼續到現在，可能繼續下去，也可能剛剛結束。He has lived here since 1980.這句話可以理解為，他現在還住在這兒，也可以理解為剛剛搬走。

（2）現在完成時的未完成與現在完成進行體的用法相仿，表示現在還進行的動作。We have been living here for 10 years. / We have lived here for 10 years.

sleep的過去式范文第5篇

關鍵詞：虛擬語氣 形式和用法 隱形形式

一、引言

虛擬語氣表示說話者所說的話與事實相反或實現的可能性極小，或表示愿望、請求及建議等。虛擬語氣用法較繁雜，而且其形式與陳述語氣有較大差異，在任何形式的考試中都具有很重要的分量，尤其在是高考、大學英語等級、托福等考試中，虛擬語氣往往在語法選擇、完形填空或者閱讀理解題中存在。在閱讀理解里，如果我們掌握了虛擬語氣的句型、結構、用法、意思，對于我們理解文章的大意和作者的態度會很有幫助，這樣有利于我們回答關于作者態度觀點方面的問題。但大部分考生這一部分的成績不理想，由于漢英的文化差異，許多中國英語學習者在正確理解以及運用虛擬語氣時確實存有困難。

二、虛擬語氣的應用

（一）虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的應用（subjunctive mood in unreal conditional clause）

所謂條件句是指含有條件狀語從句（adverbial clause of condition）的復合句。英語中的條件句一般有兩種：真實條件句和非真實條件句，虛擬語氣用在非真實條件句中的形式和用法有以下三種：

1. 對現在情況的假設：表示現在實際上并不存在的情況，其形式如下表：

例如：

①He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.

他要是在屋內就不會覺得冷了。

②I am sorry I am very busy just now.If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.

很對不起，我現在很忙。如果我有時間，我一定回陪你一起去看電影的。

2. 對過去情況進行的假設： 表示過去事實上并沒有發生或者已經發生了事情。其形式如下表：

例如：The earthquake might have caused great damage to the people if we hadn’t got well prepared.

倘若我們沒有做好準備，地震就會使人民財產遭受巨大損失。

3. 對將來情況的假設：表示將來不太可能實現的情況，其形式如下：

例如：If it were to rain (rained, should rain) tomorrow, I should stay at home.

如果明天下雨的話，我就呆在家里。

（二）虛擬語氣在表示要求、建議、命令等的從句中的應用

虛擬語氣還用在表示要求、建議、命令等意思的從句中，其形式是“should＋動詞原形”或省去should直接用動詞原形，后一種情況多用于美語當中。這類句子也稱“要求從句或建議從句”。這類動詞的名詞或形容詞形式后面都可以帶類似的虛擬語氣句式。

1. 用在賓語從句中。該賓語從句中虛擬語氣的使用，取決于主句中的謂語動詞，常見的這類動詞有：suggest, order,demand, propose, command, request, insist, require等等，例如：

The teacher insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.老師堅持要預定座位。

2. 用在主語從句中。該主語從句中虛擬語氣的使用，取決于主句中作表語的形容詞或分詞，常見的這類形容詞或分詞有：important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential，required, suggested, requested等等，例如：

It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.

有必要立即采取措施。

It was required that all the tasks should be finished at once.

他們要求任務必須馬上完成。

3. 用在表示建議、命令、要求或想法、計劃等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語。常用的這類名詞有：advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, pay, decision, proposal, requirement,motion等等，其后的從句中，謂語動詞的形式為“(should) do”。例如：

My request is that we(should)finish the work today.

我的要求就是我們今天必須完成工作。

We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

他建議我們去旅游，我們一致同意。

（三）虛擬語氣在wish從句中的應用。與表示建議、命令等的從句一樣，虛擬語氣在wish從句中的應用涉及的也是四種名詞從句，即：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。與非真實條件句的虛擬語氣形式相似，wish從句也有三種時間，所不同的是在非真實條件句中指的是過去、現在、將來的絕對時間，而wish從句涉及的只是相對于謂語動詞wish 的相對時間，具體形式如下：

與現在事實相反，用were 或動詞的一般過去式；與過去事實相反，用had＋過去分詞或would/could＋have＋過去分詞；表示與將來沒有把握或不太可能實現的愿望，用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形。例如：

I wish I were you.我要是你就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow.你明天和我們一起去就好了。

I wish she had taken your advice.她要是聽你的話就好了。

（四）虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導的從句中的應用。

在as if，as though引導的方式狀語從句中，謂語動詞形式與wish后面賓語從句中的謂語動詞形式相同。例如：

He speaks as if／as though he were a foreigner.

He speaks as if／as though he had done something wrong.

但是as if /as though 引導的從句有時也用陳述語氣，尤其是主句的謂語動詞為感官動詞，從句用陳述語氣來表示較大的真實性或可能性，例如：

It looks as if it is going to snow.看起來天要下雪了。

（五）虛擬語氣在一些特殊結構中的應用。

虛擬語氣在would/had rather, would just as soon 等結構中的應用。此類結構通常表示“希望”或“委婉”的責備，其謂語動詞形式用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對過去做的事的懊悔”，例如：

Blackwould rather his daughter did not work in the same office.

經理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。

To be frank, I’d rather you were not involved in the case.

坦率地說，我希望你不要卷入這件事。

注：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動詞原形。

I would rather stay at home today.

would rather than 中用動詞原形I would rather stay at home than go out today.

2 It’s (high, about) time that 句型中，that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動詞要用過去式。

①It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

②It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.

3. as, 或者whether…or…謂語多用be的原形，引導讓步虛擬從句，這種用法通常采用倒裝結構：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

4. if it were not for…表示與現在事實相反，if it had not been for表達與過去事實相反，兩個都相當于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

（六）含蓄虛擬條件句

這種含蓄條件沒有明顯表現出來，而是通過各種手段和方式在上下文中表現出來。該隱含條件可能為真實條件，也可以為非真實條件。盡管隱含的條件概念沒有含條件狀語從句的復合句那樣明顯，但也能較為充分地表達出“條件”的含義。因此，了解英語中的含蓄條件句將有助于我們對于英語的理解與翻譯。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：

1. 介詞或介詞短語，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。例如：

But for your cooperation, we could not have succeeded in our experiment.沒有你的合作，我們的實驗就不可能獲得成功。

2. 連詞，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=If she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted. If only I had more money, I could buy a car.

(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引導的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但有時可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.

這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。

3. 通過上下文及內在含義，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉折詞。

I thought the children _____when we returned home, but they were still awake.

A. were sleepingB. would be sleeping

C. had been sleeping D. would sleep

選擇 B。

4. 形容詞及其比較級

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.

如果再小心點就不會犯這么多錯誤了。

5. 分詞短語

Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.

6. 動詞不定式短語

一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虛擬。例如：

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.

7. 名詞短語和名詞+and結構

A diligent student would have worked harder.

8. 獨立主格結構

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.

9. 定語從句

A nation,which stopped working,would be dead in a fortnight.

10. 情態動詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

（七）其它情況

虛擬語氣在公式化的句子中的應用。在一些公式化的句子中的虛擬語氣由動詞原形(不與主語保持人稱、時態和數的一致)或“may＋動詞原形”(經常倒裝)構成的謂語來體現，表示愿望。例如：

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

中華人民共和國萬歲!

May you succeed!祝你成功!

Heaven forbid!天理不容!

三、結束語

虛擬語氣既是一種重要的語法問題，又是一種較難的語法問題，也是一種容易被學生忽視的語法問題。一直是英語界爭論的焦點。有學者認為，在日常運用中，英語虛擬語氣已呈現衰退趨勢。但在許多歷史悠久的考試，如高考、托福及大學英語級別考試中，虛擬語氣卻是必考項目。全面、深刻地理解虛擬語氣，學習虛擬語氣，練習虛擬語氣，從而提高駕馭語言的能力，虛擬語氣學習的方法是多種多樣的，而虛擬語氣測試也是由此重點展開的，也就是說，在學習虛擬語氣的過程中，要保持積極思維，主動探求的狀態，用科學有效的方法來學習虛擬語氣，特別是要善于從虛擬語氣測試的實戰中來學習虛擬語氣，就能打好虛擬語氣學習的基礎，就能夠正確把握住虛擬語氣測試的特點，理清做題的思路，在英語考試中取得好成績。

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